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PLANT &
LIFE SCIENCES COMPANIES
APT
THERAPEUTICS INC.
Drug discovery and optimization
 DR.
ERIC LEIRE, APT therapeutics Inc.
Dr. Eric Leire, M.D. President & CEO
893 North Warson Rd.
St. Louis, MO 63141
(314) 812-8114
www.apttherapeutics.com
“A biotech company in the Midwest has to be very good to attract
people, so your proposition has to be very interesting.”
Historic overview: President and CEO Eric Leire, who’s an
M.D. with an M.B.A., was with bioStrategies Group in Washington,
D.C. when he was approached about joining APT Therapeutics Inc.,
formed in 2001 in St. Louis. “Initially, I was moderately interested,
but when I looked at the details of the technology I became very
excited,” he says. “I found the diamond in the rough”—a biopharmaceutical
company driven by knowledge-based, computer-aided drug discovery
engines leading to accelerated development and optimized therapeutics.
Based in the Nidus Center, APT has six employees, including five
Ph.D.s or M.D.s . “We design drugs for pharmaceutical and biotech
companies and for ourselves,” Leire says.
Products and services: APT uses protein engineering, protein
informatics and cheminformatics software to the study of the function
and expression of proteins, in order to understand disease mechanisms
at the protein, cell and cell pathway levels. As a result, APT is
able to shorten drug development cycles, rescue failed drugs and
improve existing ones. At the moment APT’s leading drug candidate,
APT102, is a promising protein drug for treating acute ischemic
stroke. Now in pre-clinical development, APT102 is expected to offer
a safer, more potent and more convenient treatment alternative than
current treatments. With more than one-half million American stroke
victims annually, the market opportunity for APT102 is estimated
at more than $1 billion. APT is negotiating with pharmaceutical
partners to develop it commercially.
Distinguishing characteristics: “Usually it takes three to
five years and a team of 30 people to develop a new drug candidate.
But six of us developed APT102 in a year,” Leire says. “Instead
of the long process in the lab with test tubes, doing multiple experiments,
we just do that a couple of times and we modelize on the computer,
which goes faster and allows us to make predictions. That saves
a lot of time and money and the bottom line is we have a very interesting
drug candidate.” APT also is moving forward with a second drug candidate.
Regional benefits: Leire believes Midwest capital firms like
CID Equity and Prolog Ventures “are doing a fantastic job.”
CHEMIR ANALYTICAL SERVICES
Contract research and synthesis services
SHRI
THANEDAR, Chemir Analytical Services
Shri Thanedar, Ph.D., CEO
2672 Metro Blvd.
Maryland Heights, MO 63043
(314) 291-6620
www.chemir.com
“Our expertise is finding quick solutions to unusual problems.”
Historic overview: In 1990, Shri Thanedar was working for
a huge corporation and realized he “wanted to be somewhere to make
a difference, but that was hard to do in a large company set in
its ways,” he says. Thanedar decided to buy a company of his own,
so he opened the Yellow Pages to look for small chemical companies.
He ended up first working for, then purchasing Chemir. The company
had two employees and $150,000 in sales when he bought it. Now Chemir
employs 45 and expects $7 million in sales for 2003, a growth rate
of 300 percent since 1996.
Products and services: Chemir solves unusual performance
and quality problems found in most industries, offering practical
solutions for non-routine materials identification, deformulation,
and chemical analysis. The company offers a wide range of analytical
and testing services (organic, inorganic and polymer) for difficult
problems like failure analysis, customer complaints and legal issues.
“People frequently come to us in a crisis situation,” Thanedar says.
“There’s a lot of variety in our work.”
Distinguishing characteristics: “Most testing labs do more
routine work, like water samples. Only a handful of others do what
we do. It’s not a huge market but very specialized,” Thanedar says.
“The people who answer our phones frequently are Ph.D.s.”
Chemir’s impressive record of problem solving has been profiled
in Time magazine.
What’s new since last year: The company established Chemir
Synthesis Services to provide custom synthesis for the chemical,
pharmaceutical, agricultural and polymer industries. Also, the company
officially changed its name to Chemir Analytical Services from Chemir
Polytech Laboratories Inc.
Regional benefits: “St. Louis has enough high-tech companies
here that we don’t have any trouble attracting high quality people
locally. It’s a good source of talented people from Washington University,”
Thanedar says.
Looking ahead: Chemir plans to grow internally and through
acquisitions. “We’d like to acquire some companies on either or
both coasts,” Thanedar says, “as well as doing more pharmacological
analysis, helping companies bring out new drugs.”
The name: Thanedar says he inherited the name when he bought
the company. It stood for the infrared technology the company used
for analysis. “Now of course we use infrared and several other investigative
tools,” he says.
CORETECH HOLDINGS, LLC
Laboratory products and product solutions
Douglas Martin, President & CEO
Jim Unnerstall, COO
5918 Evergreen Blvd.
St. Louis, MO 63134
(314) 552-3194
www.
Coretech-holdings.com
“We knew we’d never be satisfied just having a job.”
Historic overview: In 1999, Doug Martin and Jim Unnerstall
were working at Rockwell International and looking for a business
they could own. “We did a lot of market research and studied trends
and identified a market segment where we could limit our risk,”
Unnerstall says. That turned out to be the life sciences. Martin
says, “We wanted to become a full-blown manufacturing facility for
research instrumentation.” They hired scientists with Ph.D.s, put
together a scientific board and created Coretech Holdings, LLC.
The company has 21 employees and provides the highest quality laboratory
products and product solutions for biotechnology research all over
the world.
Products and services: Coretech Holdings actually is four
companies. Vibratome has been a leading supplier of histology equipment
for tissue sectioning since 1980. GlasswoRx is a leading manufacturer
of precision tools used to produce glass micro-instruments. myNeurolab.com
provides online access to a comprehensive selection of laboratory
equipment-instrumentation suppliers and also offers online or telephone
answers to researchers’ applications questions. Med-Core is a medical
instrument and research company currently working on several NIH-funded
projects to develop brain injection systems for surgical procedures.
What’s new since last year: Coretech received Ernst & Young’s
Entrepreneur of the Year Award in the Life Sciences for the state
of Missouri. Also, the company was included in the “Killer Applications”
category in Inc. magazine’s annual Internet awards.
Regional benefits: “The region offers advantageous global
transportation and a fantastic employee base,” Unnerstall says.
“We’re fortunate to be able to collaborate with Washington University
School of Medicine and Saint Louis University.” Martin adds, “The
region is focusing on life sciences now, so we can integrate with
others in the field. We get good feedback from the Donald Danforth
Plant Science Center.”
Interesting fact: Coretech employees sponsor a charity for
children, Angel Wishes, which raises money for needy children and
families. Last year they provided a holiday party and presents for
400 children.
Looking ahead: “We have a dozen or so new products in development,
and we’re always looking for new companies and products to keep
growing,” Martin says.
The name: “Coretech signifies the fact that we focus on unique
technology,” Unnerstall says. “That’s at the core of what makes
us different from everyone else.”
DIVERGENCE INC.
Nematode research and control
James McCarter, M.D., Ph.D.,
President & Chief Scientific Officer
Derek K. Rapp, CEO
893 N. Warson Rd.
St. Louis, MO 631441
(314) 812-8024
www.divergence.com
“There are tens of thousands of nematode species and some of
them are pretty creepy.”
Historic overview: CEO Derek Rapp explains, as a doctoral
candidate at Washington University, Divergence founder James McCarter
gathered a lot of information about the C.elegans nematode, the
first multi-celled organism whose genomes were mapped. “He saw there
were opportunities to come up with safe applications to control
parasitic nematodes in plants, animals and humans,” Rapp says. As
a result, in 1999, Divergence was created to develop products to
fight nematodes, which cause an estimated $80 billion in crop damage
annually worldwide and pose major health risks to humans (pinworms,
for example) and animals (e.g., heartworms). The company already
has 15 employees.
Products and services: “All the mainstream nematode control
products on the market today in plant protection are harmful to
humans and the environment or ineffective. No product is selective
regarding activities toward nematodes,” Rapp says. In addition,
resistance to current drugs is increasingly a problem in livestock
parasites. Using genomics, bioinformatics, nematode genetics and
parasite biology, Divergence has developed a discovery platform
identifying new and innovative ways to control these important parasites.
The big news: “The EPA has already banned several products
from the marketplace and others are slated to be banned in 2005-2007.
Most are restricted or soon will be,” Rapp says. “The bottom line
is new products are needed and with bio informatics and genetic
information, we expect we can succeed where others have failed.”
What’s new since last year: “We have some candidates we think
offer very exciting opportunities to become commercial products,”
Rapp says. “They have shown very good activity against nematodes
in plants and also very favorable toxicology results. Initial field
trials confirm product performance we’ve seen in the greenhouse.
So we think our basic research approach has been borne out by the
progress we’ve seen in a number of areas.”
Regional benefits: “We’ve been able to hire people out of
strong academic institutions,” Rapp says. “Also being across the
street from the Donald Danforth Plant Science Center and being in
the supportive atmosphere of the Nidus Center is very important.”
Looking ahead: “We will continue product development and
work to find the right relationships with third parties to optimize
the commercialization of the products, but the actual commercialization
of products is still years from now,” Rapp says
Interesting fact: There’s a 50 percent genomic overlap between
humans and C.elegans nematodes.
The name: Rapp says the name “illustrates the basic research
premise of the company, specifically, the genetic divergences between
nematodes and humans.”
ISTO TECHNOLOGIES INC.
Tissue engineering research
Joseph Feder, Ph.D., Chairman
Mitchell Seyedin, Ph.D., President & CEO
1155 Olivette Executive Parkway,
Suite 200
St. Louis, MO 63122
(314) 995-6025
www.istotech.com
“The idea that you can actually grow cartilage is quite amazing.”
Historic overview: Isto Technologies was created as the result
of research by former Barnes Jewish Hospital scientist David Adkisson.
He developed a way to grow cartilage in vitro to replace cartilage
that’s been damaged or diseased—a major discovery since cartilage
does not heal on its own. Barnes Jewish licensed the process and
Mid-America Transport Services, the regional tissue and organ bank,
helped establish Isto Technologies in 1997 to commercialize its
tissue engineering technology, explains Isto President Joe Feder.
The company has 22 employees.
Products and services: Isto Technologies develops technology
to repair, replace and regenerate human tissue that has been injured
or destroyed by trauma or disease. The company’s lead technology
is a process to produce neocartilage. “Using donor cells, we can
make a piece of tissue that has the potential to integrate into
a cartilage lesion,” Feder explains. Isto also is working on a natural
tissue glue that makes a biological seal during surgery; an angiogenesis
inhibitor that can be used in arthritis treatment; and a tissue-based
bone matrix material or BAM to repair bone voids and spinal fusions.
The big news: All of Isto’s products are in or about to be
in preclinical testing (animal studies). The neocartilage technology
may move to clinical (human) studies at the end of 2004.
What’s new since last year: In 2002, the company moved into
larger, custom-designed facilities, added staff and equipment and
expanded its research and development activities.
Regional benefits: “St. Louis is a major center for scientific
and medical research. Consequently, it has the potential for providing
new scientific discoveries, which are the basis for entrepreneurial
opportunities in the biotech area. St. Louis also offers a few new
venture capital firms, which are critical for the creation of new
start-up companies, and area universities are a source of trained
personnel,” Feder says. He adds reasonable housing costs and excellent
suburban school systems are attractive to potential employees. “These
advantages need to be exploited to attract companies to the St.
Louis area,” he says.
Looking ahead: “We feel we’re in the forefront of the science
to grow a viable piece of cartilage tissue, and we believe our agreement
with Zimmer, a major orthopedic company, provides an excellent opportunity
for marketing, sales and distribution of the neocartilage product,”
Feder says.
The name: Isto derives from a Greek word for tissue and reflects
the company’s focus on tissue healing.
LINCO RESEARCH INC.
Research diagnostics for metabolic diseases
RICK
RYAN, Linco Research Inc.
Rick Ryan, MBA, Ph.D., President
Ron Gingerich, Ph.D., CEO
14 Research Park Dr.
St. Charles, MO 63304
(636) 441-8400
www.lincoresearch.com
“We work with key researchers to develop innovative and robust
assays.”
Historic overview: Rick Ryan, Linco president, explains in
1994, Linco founder Ron Gingerich left the Department of Pediatrics
at Washington University School of Medicine, where he did research
on diabetes and managed an analytical core laboratory that developed
and performed assays for other diabetes researchers at the university.
“He had a basement business for many years, but then it became a
serious venture,” says Ryan, who joined the company in 1999. Today
the company consists of two divisions: Linco Research Inc. manufactures
and sells test kits; Linco Diagnostics Inc. does contract assays
for pharmaceutical and academic research. The company employs 62
people and sells its products directly to laboratories and research
institutions worldwide.
Products and services: Linco develops assays for scientists
working in metabolic disease (diabetes, obesity, cardiovascular)
research. The company offers several unique kits and bioanalytical
services not commercially available elsewhere. The LINCOplex line
uses a new technology from Luminex Corp., Ryan says, which allows
researchers to do multiple assays simultaneously in the same test
tube.
The big news: “Our hot newer products are things not really
recognized by the lay population, unless they follow the medical
press,” Ryan says. “With the revolution in genomics and proteomics,
many new proteins are being discovered, and one involved in obesity
appears to be Grhelin, the Hunger Hormone. What we do is develop
innovative assays that help provide new knowledge in the area of
metabolic disease.”
What’s new since last year: “Basically we’ve been executing
our business plan. We’ve added people in development and manufacturing,
and we’re in a phase of organic growth that’s strong,” Ryan says.
Regional benefits: “There certainly are good benefits being
associated with researchers at Washington University We have several
collaborations there,” Ryan says.
Looking ahead: “We expect to grow organically in the categories
we work in and with the new multiplexing technology,” Ryan says.
“Estimates are over the next five to 10 years up to 5,000 new drug
targets will be discovered through genomics and proteomics. Many
of those will be proteins related to metabolic disease, and we see
a pipeline that will continue to grow.”
Interesting fact: “A new protein may be discovered, but until
there’s a reproducible way to measure it, the literature will be
cluttered with conflicting data. So we make sure and work with researchers
early on and then help to get results published. With consistent
data a clearer picture of the new protein function can emerge,”
Ryan says.
METAPHORE PHARMACEUTICALS INC.
Drug development and research
Alan W. Dunton, M.D., President & CEO
Phillip J. Cooper, Senior Vice President of Finance
1910 Innerbelt Business Center Dr.
St. Louis, MO 63114
(314) 426-4803
www.metaphore.com
“Our employees are literally world renowned players in this field.”
Historic overview: MetaPhore is the result of technology
discovered at Monsanto (now Pfizer) over a 10-year period, starting
in the late 1980s. The technology is a mimic of a natural enzyme
found in your body. MetaPhore is developing drugs for the treatment
of diseases associated with free radical damage and inflammation
with this technology. The company employs 28 people.
Products and services: Specifically, MetaPhore scientists
have developed compounds that mimic the function of superoxide dismutase,
beneficial enzymes that serve an important protective role in the
body by removing superoxide, a toxic free radical that can damage
cells and tissues. The compounds have broad therapeutic potential
in treating pain, rheumatoid arthritis, inflammatory bowel disease,
fibrosis, septic shock and asthma, just to name a few. “What I hear
from investors and collaborators is the breadth and depth of the
pipeline and the ability to address various disease conditions is
a huge benefit,” says Alan W. Dunton M.D., president & CEO. “Our
investors only back things showing an extremely high level of promise,
so their commitment confirms the science and potential of the company.”
The big news: One of the compounds, M40403, is now in human
clinical trials. “We just completed a Phase II clinical trial relating
to pain,” Dunton says. “While getting to human clinical trials is
an important developmental milestone for us, demonstrating human
efficacy with our compounds is a pivotal event.” Another compound,
M40419, is in safety trials.
Regional benefits: “There are great intellectual abilities
here. A great work force is available,” says Phillip J. Cooper,
senior vice president. “The research and development coming out
of St. Louis is excellent, coupled with strong university support.”
Looking ahead: Cooper says MetaPhore will team up with a
major pharmaceutical company or large biotech firm when indications
require it. “Imagine a huge market like rheumatoid arthritis,” he
says. “It would be difficult for us to handle every aspect of development,
production, distribution and marketing without collaboration.” The
company may also open other locations to have a presence near some
of the large pharmaceutical companies on the East Coast, “though
the core crux of what we do is here,” Cooper says.
The name: “We work with a mimic of a natural enzyme, a metaphor
for the real one,” Dunton says.
ORION GENOMICS
Cancer diagnostics and life science research
Nathan Lakey, President & CEO
4041 Forest Park Blvd.
St. Louis, MO 63108
(314) 615-6977
www.oriongenomics.com
“We’re a genomics company that employs novel technologies to
understand the genetic basis of disease.”
Historic overview: After participating in the Human Genome
Project and a leading genomics research group at Millennium Pharmaceuticals
in Cambridge, Mass., Nathan Lakey and his partners realized “we
could leverage our genomics experience in a business,” he says and
that was the beginning of Orion Genomics in 1998. “Our original
idea was to develop and market novel genome technologies in agriculture.
Because two of our founding scientists were at Washington University’s
School of Medicine and St. Louis was in the heart of ag country,
we decided to locate here.” By obtaining a complete and computerized
inventory of the genetic parts that make up a plant, you understand
how it survives and can come up with product concepts that improve
plants.” The company has 22 employees at the Center for Emerging
Technologies.
Products and services: Orion Genomics has a series of patents
that exploit DNA methylation to elucidate the gene-rich regions
of plants. DNA methylation is a “code printed on top of the DNA
sequence that helps you distinguish between junk and genes in a
plant,” Lakey says. Exclusively licensed from scientific founders
based in Cold Spring Harbor Labs in New York, Gene Thresher™ methylation
filtering technology threshes the “junk DNA” from plants, leaves
behind only the genes and allows Orion and its strategic partners
to sequence plant genomes up to 10 times faster and cheaper than
competitors. Orion is sequencing five plant genome sequences with
funding from strategic partners or federal agencies including Philip
Morris, the Department of Energy, the National Science Foundation
through the Donald Danforth Plant Science Center and Via Lactia,
a subsidiary of the New Zealand Dairy Board.
The big news: “Orion has expanded its methylation-based technology
platform into human health,” Lakey says. “It’s fortuitous for us
that the central technology of our company’s focus is so fundamentally
important to life that our newest invention happens to work over
the tree of life, not just the branch that includes plants.” He’s
referring to Orion’s latest MethylScope™ technology, which can be
used to detect new cancer biomarkers, leading to breakthrough diagnostic
tests, earlier cancer detection and more effective treatment. “We
think MethylScope technology is the first that allows methylation
profiling of an entire genetic landscape on a single DNA microchip,”
Lakey says. MethylScope™ technology also has research applications
in obesity, diabetes, psychiatric disorders and aging, as well as
in homeland security and biodefense.
Regional benefits: “While the region’s venture capital base
has historically lagged behind the two coasts, recently St. Louis
has made tremendous strides with the formation of several high quality
venture funds led by quality managers,” Lakey says.
The name: Lakey explains, “Orion, the character outlined
by the Greek constellation, is a hunter. Orion Genomics hunts for
the genetic basis of disease. And Rick Wilson, one of our founders,
is an amateur astronomer.”
SIGMA-ALDRICH
Life science and high-technology research products
DAVID
R. HARVEY, Sigma-Aldrich
David R. Harvey, Ph.D.,
Chairman, President & CEO
3050 Spruce St.
St. Louis, MO 63103
(314) 286-8003
www.sigma-aldrich.com
2001 Spirit of St. Louis Award
“We have more scientific knowledge here than any other company
in the world.”
Historic overview: The biochemicals company Sigma of St.
Louis and organic chemicals maker Aldrich of Milwaukee merged in
1975. “Back then the company had a turnover of about $40 million
and initially doubled its size every five years,” says Chairman,
President and CEO David Harvey, Ph.D. Today Sigma-Aldrich is the
global leader in life science and high-technology research products,
with 6,000 employees (1,700 in St. Louis) in 34 countries and sales
of more than $1.2 billion.
Products and services: Sigma-Aldrich supplies more than 85,000
biochemicals and organic chemical products and kits for scientific
and genomic research, biotechnology, pharmaceutical development,
the diagnosis of disease and chemical manufacturing. Customers include
life science companies, university and government institutions,
hospitals and industry.
Distinguishing characteristics: Harvey says there are three
drivers behind Sigma-Aldrich’s success. “We don’t just mouth these,”
he says. “We really believe them.” The first is “an absolute commitment
to leadership in life science and high technology. We have unrivaled
scientific knowledge at Sigma-Aldrich with the broadest range of
biotechnical capabilities in the world. And we list more products
and actually make more products, 40,000 of them, than anyone else.”
Second, the company has “an obsession with service,” Harvey says.
“The whole company is geared toward service.” And third, “we have
a passion for process improvement. That really does mean making
the best possible use of the company’s resources.”
What’s new since last year: Early this summer St. Louis Mayor
Francis Slay helped Sigma-Aldrich officials open the company’s new
production campus on DeKalb Street.
Regional benefits: “In recent years, it has become easier
to hire top level people, especially scientists, because there is
a developing biotech corridor here and local involvement with the
human genome project,” Harvey says. “Also the St. Louis Science
Center is a tremendous asset to the community and an excellent way
to encourage young scientists.”
Looking ahead: “Sigma-Aldrich will continue its commitment
to research and development, spending more than $40 million annually,
to remain the world’s leading supplier of quality research products,”
Harvey says.
TRIPOS INC.
Life science chemistry research products and services
JOHN
MCALISTER III, TRIPOS INC.
John McAlister, III, Ph.D., President &
CEO
1699 S. Hanley Rd.
St. Louis, MO 63144
(314) 647-9241
www.tripos.com
“We are the only company that has fully integrated chemistry
and software in an effort to accelerate the drug discovery process.”
Historic overview: Tripos Inc. was founded in 1979 by Professor
Garland Marshall at Washington University based on technology developed
there, was purchased in 1987 by a simulation hardware company and
was “spun off” as a public entity in 1994, says President and CEO
John McAlister, III. “The inspiration for the company was the discovery
of computational methods and three-dimensional modeling and visualization
for the successful design of new pharmaceutical entities. It was
a scientific and technological drive for more efficient discovery
of new therapeutics that motivated the founding of the company.”
When McAlister joined Tripos as a consultant in 1982, the company
employed six people. Today there are 350 employees, with 150 based
in St. Louis and the remaining 200 in offices around the globe.
Products and services: Tripos has two areas of expertise. Tripos
Discovery Informatics provides software products and consulting
services to develop, manage, analyze and share critical drug discovery
information. “For example, when a pharmaceutical company decides
on a particular disease target, one of the first things they do
is look for an analysis of what kind of compounds might be effective
against it. Our software is effective in that early exploration,”
McAlister says. Tripos’ Discovery Research integrates state-of-the-art,
high-throughput and medicinal chemistry operations with proprietary
and commercial informatics and knowledge-management capabilities
enabling the company to rapidly transform clients’ research “ideas”
and program objectives into tangible, novel chemical entities with
potential medicinal properties. “Where we stop our work is the point
at which the compounds are tested in clinical trials,” McAlister
says.
What’s new since last year: Tripos recently launched its
SYBYL® and UNITY® lines of computational chemistry software on Linux.
This makes Tripos’ industry-leading computational chemistry applications
available in a PC environment for the first time, reducing hardware
costs for customers and making the technology more accessible to
a broader market. “This gives us a great deal of growth opportunity,”
McAlister says. The company plans to release up to eight additional
offerings this year, delivering industry advancements in operational
and strategic research informatics. Tripos also is continuing on
track with its $100 million strategic chemistry collaboration with
Pfizer, which was announced early in 2002.
Regional advantages: McAlister says St. Louis is “a growing
area of interest for the biotechnology industry with world renown
expertise already present in agriculture, plant and animal biotechnology.”
He adds, “St. Louis also is a nice place to live and the cost of
living is reasonable. This helps us attract new employees.”
Looking ahead: “We are certainly planning to grow,” McAlister
says. “This year we went from 140 to 220 people in our chemistry
operations, mostly driven by the Pfizer contract. And we have added
software engineers in St. Louis, too. The remarkable thing is despite
generally poor economic news, we continue to grow.”
The name: McAlister explains, the software produced by Tripos
is used to predict the behavior of compounds in therapeutic use.
Because of the many variables involved in biological systems, this
prediction is subject to many constraints and ambiguities. In a
similar way, the Greek seers called Sibyls were known for providing
useful if ambiguous predictions as they sat on a three-legged stool
called a Tripos. “From this mythology, we have taken the name of
our principal line of software, SYBYL and the name of our company
on which this product rests, Tripos,” McAlister says. |
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